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![[Flag]](../images/f/fr-92-ne.gif)
Flag of Neuilly-sur-Seine - Image by Arnaud Leroy, 17 September 2005
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The municipality of Neuilly-sur-Seine (60,364 inhabitants ;
375 ha; municipal website) is located on the right bank of river Seine, bordering Paris. Neuilly is an archetypic posh town of the western side of
Paris; this area is sometimes nicknamed NAP, from the initials of its
three most emblematic components: Neuilly, Auteuil and Passy (the two
latter ones being former villages incorporated into the posh 16th
district of Paris long time ago).
There are more than 20 towns and villages called Neuilly in France (for
instance, Neuilly-sur-Marne on the other side of Paris) but
Neuilly-sur-Seine is the most famous of them.
The name of Neuilly comes from the Celtic roots *lun, "a forest", and
*noue, "a marshy plain". The oldest written forms of Neuilly date back to
the 13th-14th centuries, as Portus de Lulliaco (1222), Lugniacum (1224),
Luingni (1226), Nully (1316) and Nulliacum (1379). Neuilly was then a
small river port where the monks of the St. Denis' abbey owned a ferry.
Neuilly became a royal place in the 16th century; King Francis I
started the building of the castle of Madrid (suppressed in 1794) in
the wood of Boulogne in 1527-1540. The castle was achieved by King
Henry II in 1556. In 1606, King Henry IV, coming back from
Saint-Germain to Paris, had a problem with the ferry and ordered the
building of a wooden toll bridge. In 1751, Count d'Argenson, Minister
of War of Louis XV, built the castle of Neuilly. In 1768-1772, the
engineers Chézy and Dumoutier built a stone bridge to replace the old
wooden bridge.
Short before the French Revolution, several follies were built in the
woods, such as the Folie Saint-James, built in 1772 by the architects
Chevrolet and Bélanger for Baron de Saint-James, and Folie Bagatelle,
built in 1777 by the same Bélanger for the Count of Artois, later King
of France Charles X.
In 1786, Antoine Parmentier (1737-1813) grew potatoes in large fields
in the plain of Sablons.
Aged 20, Parmentier served as an apprentice druggist in the French
army; he was captured in Hanovre during the Seven Years' War. Back to
France, he was appointed Chief Druggist of the
French Army in 1772. The next year, he won the contest set up by the
Academy of Besançon on plants potentially useful as substitutes of human food; Parmentier proposed the generalization of the cultivation
of potato, as he saw it in Hanovre. King Louis XVI supported the idea
and helped Parmentier to set up his famous "advertizing experiment" in
the garden of Trianon in Versailles. Since people were very reluctant to eat underground products supposed to be poisonous, Parmentier
obtained that a strong escort and several Royal guards watched the
experimental fields in Trianon; all that care triggered the
curiosity of people, who were more and more to believe that some very
valuable crop was grown there. The guards were of course ordered not to
prevent people to enter the garden and pick up potatoes, and the
fortune of Parmentier and his parmentières was made. Parmentier is
therefore known as the introducer of potato as staple food in France,
even if large scale cultivation started only around 1840.
Still serving in the Army, Parmentier served during the War of American
Independence, the Revolution and the Napoleonic wars, but never gave up
with the question of human food. After the Revolution, he experimented
the substitution of cane sugar with grape sugar and attempted to
improve ths storage of milk and meat, advizing cold storage. Napoléon
appointed him General Inspector of the Health Service, and he set up
the program of mandatory vaccination against small pox in 1805-1813.
From 1773 to 1813, Parmentier wrote a hundred of popular books, in which
he explained his principles of experimentation and prevention of
diseases by increasing food safety. He is therefore one of those
several researchers who believed in progress and contributed to a
significant increase in the life expectancy in France in the beginning
of the 19th century.
[Encyclopaedia Universalis]
In 1815, an Imperial Decree created in Neuilly the St.
John-the-Baptist's patronal festival. With time, the festival turned
into a fun fair known as fête à Neu-Neu. In 1818, the Duke d'Orléans, later King Louis-Philippe, purchased the castle of Neuilly, where
Talleyrand, Murat and the Princess Borghese had stayed. The castle was
looted and burnt down by the revolutionary insurgents in 1848. In 1859,
Neuilly lost the two boroughs of Ternes and Villiers, incorporated to
Paris and Levallois-Perret, respectively. The Bois de Boulogne was also incorporated to Paris in 1929.
The name of Neuilly-sur-Seine was granted by Decree in 1897.
On 27 November 1919, the Treaty of Neuilly (text) was signed in the Town Hall, as the
"Treaty of peace between the allied and associated powers and Bulgaria,
and Protocol and Declaration signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine, 27 November
1919".
The allied powers were the United States of America, the British
Empire, France, Italy and Japon, whereas the associated powers were
Belgium, China, Cuba, Greece, Hedjaz, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
the Serb-Croat-Slovene State, Siam and Czecho-Slovakia.
The treaty fixed the new frontiers of Bulgaria and prescribed a new
organization of the state, which was strongly demilitarized.
In 1981, Mayor Achille Peretti ordered the erection of the statue of
Duke d'Orléans in Neuilly. The statue stood formerly on the main
square of Algiers and was brought back to France in 1963. During the
independence war of Algeria, the statue was often decorated with the
flag of the FLN, later adopted as the national flag of Algeria.
In 1983, Peretti was succeeded by a young Mayor, Nicolas Sarkozy, who succeeded Jacques Chirac as the President of the Republic in 2007 and was not re-eleted in 2012.
Ivan Sache, 17 September 2005
The flag of Neuilly-sur-Seine is horizontally divided blue-red with the shield of the municipal arms, "Gules a single arched bridge or overall a sailing ship on a base argent a chief azure three potato flowers or", in the center. The flag was used during the Challenge des mairies et des collectivités, a yachting competition organized for the local administrations in Brest in June 2005.
The coat of arms of Neuilly was adopted by the Municipal Council on 19
January 1900. The bridge recalls the famous bridge of Neuilly, the sea is indeed
river Seine and potato flowers are placed in chief instead of
fleurs-de-lis, recalling Parmentier's
experimentation in Neuilly - Les Sablons.
The flowers also recall the Latin motto of the town, "Praeteritis egregia quotidie florescit", "Already famous by its past,
everyday more flourishing".
Pascal Vagnat & Ivan Sache, 17 September 2005
![[Flag]](../images/f/fr-92~nf.gif)
Burgee of CNF - Image by Ivan Sache, 22 January 2019
The rowing club Cercle Nautique de France (CNF;
website) was established in Courbevoie in 1875.
The club organized in 1882 the first congress of the French rowing
societies, during which the Union des Sociétés d’Aviron en France was
founded. During its Gilded Age, CNF organized the first skiff
championship, school regatta and competitions that attracted more than
10,000 spectators around the lake of Bois de Boulogne. Between 1908 and
1912, the CNF won ten national titles and two European championships
(eight, 1909; double scull, 1910).
In 1955, CNF merged with the rowing section of the PUC (Paris Université
Club) to form the CNFU (Cercle Nautique de France Universitaire). The
club moved in 1959 to the island of Pont de Neuilly.
CNF was re-established in 1978.
The burgee of CNF is prescribed in Article 1 of the club's By-Laws (text).
The colors of the association are scarlet red and white.
The burgee of the association is white, bordered in scarlet red, and is
charged in the center with the navy blue letters "CNF".
Ivan Sache, 22 January 2019